How has the World Cup Affected South Africa?

Mandela's Life Events:

• Born in the village of Mvezo, 18th July 1918 
• Was originally named Rolihlahla, in Xhosa means Trouble Maker
• At a young age, his family moved to Qunu, where he loved herding his familys sheep and goats
• Began school at 7 years of age
• Went to a Mission School, lead by Europeans who taught Christianity
• The teacher gave students names, and this was when the name Nelson came in
• At 9 years, his father died of an illness, and Nelson's mother moved him to live with his parent's friend, Chief Jongintaba, in the village of Mqhekezweni.
• Jusitice, Jongintaba's son became best friends with Mandela, although Nelson was a few years younger
• When Mandela turned 16, he was sent to Clarkebury Boarding School
• 3 years later, Mandela joined Justice in Healdtown, where he completed his high school education
• At 21, Mandela enrolled at Fort Hare, a university for black people
• Mandela met Oliver Tambo at Fort Hare
• He took up running, boxing and ballroom dancing
• When at home, Jongintaba told Mandela and Justice he had picked a wife for each of them and they were to be married
• Mandela and Justice ran away to Johannesburg because of this
• Jo-burg was a new experience for Mandela- he realized the difference in wealth between whites and blacks
• He lived in Alexandra township- with no running water or electricity
• A few years later Jongintaba died, and Justice returned to Mqhekezweni.
• Mandela became very friendly with Walter Sisulu, where he often visited him in Soweto, another township.
• It was in Soweto where Mandela met Evelyn Mase, who married him and they had two daughters and two sons.
• One daughter died at a young age, and Mandela soon parted with Evelyn
• Mandela remained close to his sons, but not to his daughter and former wife
• At the Sisulu's Mandela re-united with Oliver Tambo and they both happened to be studying law
• In 1952, they opened the first black law firm in South Africa
• Mandela and Tambo joined the ANC, African National Congress, which fought for the black people of S.A
• In 1944 they formed the ANC Youth League, which many black people joined
• In 1948, Apartheid was introduced- this law divided white people into suburbs and blacks into townships
• Seperate schools, churches, cinemas, shops, parks and more were built for the black people
• In 1952 Mandela lead the Defiance Campaign, calling on black people to ignore apartheid
• Over 250 black people were arrested but thousnands joined in
• The government banned Mandela from the ANC, as it was getting stronger
• Mandela still went on working for the ANC in secret
• In 1958 Mandela married Winnie Madikizela who was a member of the ANC
• They had two daughters- Zenani and Zindzi
• Mandela was charged with planning to destroy the government, who after four years was found guilty
• In 1960, white police killed 69 black people and injured 400-this was for protesting on having passbooks
• After this event all freedom organisations, including the ANC, were banned
• The ANC didnt give up and formed an Army called Umknonto we Sizwe, which is in Xhosa. It means the Spear of the Nation
• Mandela was sent to find help from other countries
• Mandela returned in 1962 and was hidden for many months
• Mandela was found in his car and sentenced to 5 years in prison
• 9 months into his sentence he would stand trial again
• He was now sentenced to life in prison
• Mandela was taken to Robben Island, a prison just off Cape Town
• He was given a tiny cell, thin blankets and a bucket for a toilet
• Two letters were sent to Mandela, one saying his wife died and the other saying his eldest son died in a car crash
• He had no contact with the outside world- they were not allowed nespapers and radios, However outside the prison the fight for freedom still went on
• The ANC was banned in S.A, but continued outside the counrty-many governments around the world supported the ANC
• In 1982 the 'Release Mandela' Campaign was introduced and put pressure on the government
• Mandela, Sisulu and some others were moved to Pollsmoor Prison near Cape Town
• The government began secret talks with Mandela about peace
• In 1988 Mandela was moved to his own cottage with a kitchen, bedroom and pool, however he was still locked in a confined area
• On the 2nd of February 1990, President De Clerk stunned the world by announcing Mandelas release, along with all the other political prisoners
• In December 1989 President De Clerk had a meeting with Mandela and talked about a new South Africa
• On 11 February 1990 Mandela finally walked out of prison and met his family after 27 years
• The ANC and the government had talks about peace
• On 27 April 1994 millions of people streamed out of their homes to vote
• It was the first time ever black people had the oppurtunity to vote
• In May 1994 Mandela was voted President of South Africa, at 75 years old
• And now, at 92 years of age Mandela is no longer leading South Africa politically, but truly changed a country, and became the ultimate role model for millions world-wide, who all look up to the great Madiba